Cancer Medicine

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among patients with prostate cancer. While the American Heart Associations PREVENT Score offers a comprehensive lab-based CVD risk prediction model, its integration into oncology workflows is hindered by logistical barriers. To address this gap, the GUHA-STABELLINI Score was developed as a simplified, lab-independent tool tailored for use in specialty care settings. ObjectiveTo evaluate physician preferences, implementati...

ObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the U.S.; however, the etiology is poorly understood. We investigated social determinants of health (SDoH) associated with MM incidence and survival among low-income Black and White participants in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). MethodsThe SCCS enrolled participants aged 40-79 years from 12 Southeastern states. We examined associations between SDoH (residential racial segregation, neighborhood depri...

Purpose: Tumor genomic testing (TGT) is standard-of-care for most patients with advanced/metastatic cancer. Despite established guidelines, patient education prior to TGT is frequently omitted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact and durability of a concise 3-4 minute video for patient education prior to TGT in community versus academic sites and across cancer types. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing standard-of-care TGT were enrolled at a tertiary academic institution ...

This study aimed to identify drugs disproportionately reported with malignant neoplasm progression, an uncommon but clinically important endpoint, using large spontaneous reporting systems. Public reports were analyzed from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS; 2004Q1-2024Q4) and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER; 2004-2024). Cases were defined using MedDRA Preferred Terms for malignant neoplasm/tumour progression, and reports in which progression was recorded as an...

PURPOSEPediatric supportive care trials frequently rely on analyses of multiple clinically relevant outcomes, posing challenges for overall trial interpretation. Hierarchical composite endpoints (HCEs) rank relevant outcomes by prespecified clinical importance and offer potential advantages such as harmonizing trial conclusions. METHODSWe reanalyzed two randomized supportive care trials utilizing post-hoc HCE, each conducted through the Childrens Oncology Group. ACCL0934 evaluated levofloxacin ...

Cancer accounts for one in six deaths globally, making patient survivorship critical for medical professionals. Thyroid cancer incidence is rising in the United States, with Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) representing approximately 80% of cases. This study develops a semi-parametric Cox Proportional Hazards model to investigate associations between PTC patient survival time and five risk factors: age, sex, malignant tumor size, race, and cancer stage. Our final Cox-PH model, which satisfies all ...

ObjectiveCervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections; however, there are no molecularly defined subtypes, and few approved targeted therapies. We defined molecular subtypes and tested targeted agents. MethodsPublic datasets were analyzed; cell lines were treated with drugs; and donor T cells and their proliferation were measured. ResultsWe define three molecular subtypes: I, Wild type for PIK3CA/no YAP1 amplification; II, PIK3CA mutation/no YAP1 amplification; III, PIK3C...

Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests can detect several cancer types and stages. We previously developed a methylation and protein (MP V1) MCED classifier. In this study, we present a refined MP V2 classifier, developed by evaluating model architectures that improved performance in prospectively enrolled case-control cohorts under standard testing conditions. The newly developed MP V2 classifier was trained to be more generalizable and achieve increased early-stage sensitivity at a target s...

Standard pathology workup sometimes fails to definitively identify tumor tissue-of-origin in cancers with ambiguous diagnoses or unknown primary sites, complicating treatment decisions. Molecular assays can aid diagnosis but require additional tissue and increase healthcare costs. Intending to leverage routinely collected somatic mutation profiles from comprehensive genomic profiling, we developed Tumor-Origin.com, a machine learning platform to predict tumor tissue-of-origin from mutation data ...

Medical oncology education faces a dual crisis: knowledge velocity that outpaces static curricula and large language model (LLM) risks--hallucination and automation bias--that threaten the fidelity of AI-assisted learning. We present Onco-Shikshak V7, an AI-native adaptive learning platform that addresses both challenges through a unified cognitive architecture grounded in learning science. The system replaces isolated educational modules with four authentic clinical workflows--Morning Report, T...

The relationship between red blood cell (RBC) storage duration and cancer recurrence remains controversial, with the "storage lesion" potentially amplifying transfusion-related immunomodulation effects. This retrospective cohort study examined whether RBC storage duration is independently associated with biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. We analyzed 316 men who underwent radical prostatectomy with perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion at Cleveland Cli...

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) represents an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. The immunosuppressive nature of GBM may be reversible with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, however, initial studies have yet to demonstrate this. It is postulated that trafficking of peripherally activated lymphocytes may play a role in generating a robust intracranial immune response. Therefore, a blood-based assay to identify peripheral blood response may both predict response and be...

BackgroundInflammatory responses and nutritional status are critical determinants of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a novel albumin-neutrophil composite grading (ANPG) system and to develop a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) in CRC patients following curative resection. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 660 consecutive patients with primary CRC who underwent R0 resection between December...

Introduction: Manual data extraction from unstructured clinical notes is labor-intensive and impractical for large-scale clinical and research operations. Existing automated approaches typically require large language models, dedicated computational infrastructure, and/or task-specific fine-tuning that depends on curated data. The objective of this study is to enable accurate extraction with smaller locally deployed models using a disease-site specific pipeline and prompt configuration that are ...

BackgroundMetabolomic changes related to colorectal cancer (CRC) may serve as diagnostic markers to identify patients may develop or have developed CRC. MethodsUntargeted lipidomics were performed on serum from CRC cases and clean-colon controls from the Chicago Colorectal Cancer Consortium (CCCC) and the University of Arizona Cancer Center (UACC). ResultsUntargeted lipidomics in the CCCC CRC series revealed significant alterations in sphingolipids. Targeted lipidomics revealed a signature of ...

PurposeTo describe the rationale, methods, and baseline sample descriptives of the Adolescent and Young Adult Tracking Engagement and Management Skills (AYA TEAMS) cohort. The AYA TEAMS study is a longitudinal observational cohort study that aims to identify determinants and patterns of self-management and engagement in cancer-related long-term follow-up (LTFU) care and validate a novel transition readiness assessment among adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer. Partici...

BackgroundWe previously reported that >5% of the population carries pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (P/LPVs) in key cancer susceptibility genes. However, gene-specific cancer prevalence, spectrum, burden, lifetime risk, comorbidity, and the risk associated with autosomal recessive (AR) genes among carriers remain incompletely defined. MethodsWe analyzed 72 cancer susceptibility genes in the All of Us dataset (N=633,547), including 287,076 participants with both genomic and electronic h...

ImportanceHereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is predominantly due to germline CDH1 variants and confers a high lifetime risk of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is thought to prevent DGC but has potential long-term functional, nutritional and quality-of-life (QOL) sequelae. ObjectiveWe report the clinical, pathological and long-term weight and QOL outcomes from a prospective cohort of patients with HDGC who underwent PTG. Design and SettingThis is a sing...

BackgroundIn 2022, the European Union recommended piloting organised prostate cancer screening. Subsequently, the Czech Republic launched a nationwide pilot programme fully reimbursed by public health insurance in January 2024 to reduce the high incidence of late-stage prostate cancer and the widespread unorganised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. ObjectiveTo describe the strategy, methodology, and first results of the Czech nationwide prostate cancer screening pilot programme. Methods...

BackgroundGynecological cancers and their treatments can compromise fertility, with profound psychosocial consequences for women of reproductive age. Yet, womens lived experiences of cancer-related infertility remain underexplored in low-resource settings, including Ghana. This study examined the impact of gynecological cancers on fertility among reproductive-aged women receiving care at Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana. MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used. Fourteen women aged 15-49 yea...